Vol. 2 No. 4 (2023): October to December

The Peruvian Army Center for Strategic Studies (CEEEP) is pleased to present the sixth edition of the “Security and Land Power Magazine”. In this space, the analysis, reflection, debate and presentation of proposals related to Security, Defense and the Military Profession are carried out. CEEEP’s research is oriented along four main lines: Strategic Assessment; Strategic Anticipation; Strategic Art and Land Power; and Strategic Leadership and Institutional Management. On this occasion, six articles have been compiled from outstanding contributors, both national and international, as well as researchers from our Peruvian Army. The main objective of this compilation is to enrich the debate and promote the dissemination of knowledge in vital areas of study. The topics addressed in these articles are varied and include aspects such as Iran’s relations with some Latin American countries, the nature of threats in the Pan-Amazon region, comparative models of British and French counterinsurgency, the concept of command and control in the Armed Forces of Peru (FF. AA.), the importance of organizational culture in institutional transformation and the challenges faced by the National Army of Colombia in matters of security and defense.

In the first part of this publication, referred to the Strategic Assessment, the first article entitled “Resumption of Iran’s Relations with America with some Latin American countries”, the work of the prominent American academic and public policy analyst specialized in Latin America and the Caribbean, Dr. Robert Evan Ellis, examines in detail the resumption of relations between Iran and most Latin American countries, highlighting the opportunities that this phenomenon provides in terms of political and economic interaction. He also highlights China’s role in Iran’s economic strengthening and its influence on Iran’s global activities, with possible repercussions in the United States (US). In turn, in the second article entitled “The Nature of Threats in the Pan-Amazon Region”, Brazilian Army Colonel Oscar Medeiros Filho delves into the strategic importance that the Amazon Region has acquired for Brazil in terms of National Defense. He addresses the multiple dimensions of threats to national security in this region, ranging from geopolitical issues to state vulnerabilities and socio-environmental challenges. In addition, it advocates regional cooperation, through the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO), as the optimal strategy to address these challenges.

In a second part related to Strategic Art and Land Power of this publication, we have the third article, written by Luis Alexander Montero Moncada, political scientist with emphasis in International Relations of the National University of Colombia, entitled “Comparative Models of Counterinsurgency: British and French Traditions, and their Applicability in Contemporary Conflicts”. It makes a comparative analysis between the British counterinsurgency model and the French model, whose objective is to identify the key differences and relevant aspects of both models to apply them in contemporary conflicts, which are characterized by their complexity and ambiguity.

In the third part related to Strategic Leadership, the fourth article, entitled “Command and Control in the Peruvian Army: Methods, Analysis and the Innovative Awqa Humalliq Method”, is a proposal by Peruvian Army Colonel Percy Favio Gonzales Cáceres, who delves into the concept of Command and Control in the Armed Forces, exploring methods such as Mission Type Command and Detailed Control. He also presents the novel command and control method he calls “Awqa Humalliq”, designed to adapt to the particularities of the Armed Forces. The fifth article, “Organizational Culture: Essential Element in the Transformation Process of the Peruvian Army”, written by Lieutenant Colonel of the Peruvian Army, Roberto Carlos Alonso Tapia, highlights the crucial role of organizational culture in institutional transformation; analyzing the importance of organizational culture in the context of the Plan for Institutional Transformation of the Peruvian Army to 2034 and employs a qualitative approach with the hermeneutic-interpretative method to explore levels and types of organizational culture. In turn, the sixth article, “Future Tasks and Challenges for the National Army: a holistic view of Security and Defense”, written by Colombian Army Colonel Carlos Alfredo Castro Pinzón and Luz Martha Melo Rodríguez, a specialist in Human Rights and International Law of Armed Conflict, focuses on the new challenges faced by the Colombian National Army. This analysis highlights the relevance of understanding the functional organization of the Army, the structural base, technology and research, as well as the importance of the conduct of warfare in the fulfillment of missions and objectives of the Force.

Finally, CEEEP hopes that these valuable articles will be of great interest and usefulness to its esteemed readers. It is hoped that these articles will stimulate analysis, encourage discussion and generate new ideas in the essential fields of Security, Defense and the Military Profession.