Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024): July to September

The Peruvian Army Center for Strategic Studies (CEEEP) presents the ninth edition of the “Security and Land Power Journal”, whose objective is to publish  original research articles related to security, defense and the military profession, based on four lines of research: Strategic Assessment, Strategic Anticipation, Strategic Art and Land Power, and Strategic Leadership and Institutional Management, focusing mainly on the first two. In this regard, national and international experts provide perspectives on topics ranging from India’s economic and military transformation with ‘Make in India’ to strategic challenges in Spain vis-à-vis Morocco and the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in military operations. Also highlighted are the challenges of Military Intelligence in the Apurimac, Ene and Mantaro River Valley (VRAEM) and regional cooperation against organized crime in the Amazon.

In the line Strategic Assessment, Colonel PA, Defense Attaché to the Embassy of Peru in the Republic of India, Mario Renzo Cáceres Solís, presents his analysis entitled “The ‘Make in India’ Experience to Boost Development and Self-Sufficiency”. This study details how the initiative launched by Prime Minister Narendra Damodardas Modi in 2014 has positioned India as a global manufacturing hub, strengthening its national security and consolidating its regional leadership, through innovative strategies in the defense industry. Additionally, global security advisor Andrés González Hernández’s essay, “Spain: Deterring Military Loss to Morocco,” explores the challenges Spain faces in modernizing its military equipment in the face of Morocco’s strategic advance in Ceuta and Melilla, highlighting the political and strategic implications for the region. On the other hand, Dr. Adolfo Arreola García, research professor at the Faculty of Global Studies of the Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, in “Artificial Intelligence and Disinformation: Role in 21st Century Conflicts”, evaluates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in modern military operations, highlighting both its benefits for security and its ethical and humanitarian risks. Likewise, Gonzalo Javier Rubio Piñeiro, retired Major of the Argentine Army, in “Las Consecuencias que se Derivan de la Consolidación del Eje Beijing-Moscú-Teherán” analyzes the possible formation of a geopolitical alliance between China, Russia and Iran, examining whether it constitutes a coalition or formal alliance. It highlights the growing cooperation in economic, political and military fields, and explores the geopolitical implications, such as strengthening multipolarity, challenging Western dominance, changing the balance of power in Asia, creating an alternative economic bloc, increasing military cooperation and influence in international bodies.

In the line Strategic Anticipation, Luis Gustavo Castro González and Julio Mario Zuñiga Concha investigate the “Challenges of Military Intelligence in the Fight Against Terrorism in the VRAEM”, emphasizing the evolution and the continuous challenges in the combat strategy against the Terrorist Organization called Militarized Communist Party of Peru Marxist Leninist Maoist Communist Party, mainly Xiist (MPCP - MLM - PX) in the VRAEM. Finally, Fábio Albergaria de Queiroz, PhD in International Relations from the University of Brasilia (UnB), on “The Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization as a Tool to Combat Transnational Organized Crime from an Environmental Perspective” proposes strengthening the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO) to face the multidimensional challenges of organized crime and environmental protection in the Andean-Amazonian arc.

These papers represent significant contributions to understanding and addressing the complex strategic and security challenges facing our region and the world today.